This is what I did maybe it works for you too. I built the cyclone from the video and made sure I could attach the existing vacuum hose and another hose that I bought to the pvc fittings I bought to make the cyclone. The cyclone really does spin and catch a lot of stuff and saves on vacuum bags. The other benefit is you can just disconnect the shop vac to vac the floor or whatever without messing with the hose that goes to the cnc.
So in your drawing I guess replace the adapter with the cyclone and build the cyclone to be the adapter as well. That’s my 2 cents.