First off welcome to the forums! I see from your other thread that you have a LongMill, I hope you enjoy it as much as I do mine. Sorry to say that I don’t have a cheat sheet/board to show you but you might find some examples of what different bits can do by looking at the projects section of the forum. Some are just pics but some projects have some details about the bits used.
Other than that don’t throw away any scraps/mistakes if they are big enough to clamp down and experiment on.
I can tell you that I use 3 types of bits for almost everything.
- End mills for pockets, profiles, and 3d roughing
- Ball nosed for pockets (with curve where wall meets floor), chamfers, mouldings, and 3d stuff
- V bits for lettering, 2D carving, and making miter joints.
If your looking for some projects might I suggest making some wooden clamps for your CNC. It really helps to have wooden clamps when make a mistake and run over one! I have some pics of some clamps in this thread.